European Hornets: Facts, Behavior, and Identification
European hornets, scientifically known as Vespa crabro, are fascinating insects found primarily in Europe and parts of Asia. They are the largest hornets in Europe, measuring around 1-1.5 inches in length. Despite their intimidating size, European hornets are relatively less aggressive compared to their smaller relatives. In this article, we will delve into their facts, behavior, and identification, shedding light on these intriguing creatures.
Identification:
European hornets have distinct physical characteristics that set them apart from other hornets and wasps. They have a black and yellow body, similar to other hornets, but they also exhibit brown-reddish markings on their abdomen. Their heads feature large compound eyes and strong jaws, equipped for capturing prey. One distinguishing feature is their wings, which are reddish-orange and transparent. Their thorax is predominantly black with yellow stripes. Overall, their appearance is robust and stocky, making them easily identifiable.
Behavior:
European hornets are social insects, living in colonies that include a queen, workers, and drones. These colonies are typically established in tree hollows, attics, or wall voids. Unlike other hornets, European hornets are also known to build exposed aerial nests, usually high in trees or bushes. These nests are made from chewed wood pulp, forming a paper-like material.
Their diet mainly consists of other insects, such as flies, caterpillars, and bees. European hornets are known to be excellent predators, capturing their prey with their powerful jaws. They also visit flowers to feed on nectar, making them important pollinators.
Contrary to popular belief, European hornets are not as aggressive as their reputation suggests. They are generally non-aggressive unless their nest or colony is threatened. If a European hornet feels threatened, it may emit a loud buzzing sound as a warning sign. However, they are less likely to sting humans compared to other hornets or wasps unless provoked or handled.
Frequently Asked Questions:
1. Are European hornets dangerous?
Despite their intimidating appearance, European hornets are not inherently dangerous. They are not as aggressive as other hornets or wasps unless provoked.
2. Where are European hornets found?
European hornets are primarily found in Europe and parts of Asia. They have been introduced to North America as well.
3. Do European hornets pose a threat to honeybees?
European hornets are known to prey on honeybees. However, they are not a significant threat to the overall honeybee population.
4. How long does a European hornet colony last?
A European hornet colony typically lasts for one year. The queens overwinter and establish a new colony in the following spring.
5. Can European hornets sting multiple times?
European hornets, like other wasps and hornets, can sting multiple times if they feel threatened.
6. How do you identify a European hornet nest?
European hornet nests are usually found in tree hollows, attics, or wall voids. They can also build exposed aerial nests high in trees or bushes.
7. Are European hornets attracted to light?
European hornets are not particularly attracted to light sources. However, they are known to be active during dusk and dawn.
8. Can European hornets damage buildings?
While European hornets can chew wood to build their nests, they do not cause significant structural damage to buildings.
9. Can European hornets be beneficial?
European hornets play a beneficial role in controlling other insect populations, making them ecologically valuable.
10. How can one safely remove a European hornet nest?
It is advisable to seek professional help when removing a European hornet nest, as they can become aggressive if disturbed. Pest control experts have the necessary tools and knowledge to handle the situation safely.
In conclusion, European hornets are intriguing insects with distinctive physical features and intriguing behaviors. While they may appear intimidating, they are generally non-aggressive unless their nest or colony is threatened. Understanding their facts, behavior, and identification can help dispel misconceptions and foster a greater appreciation for these remarkable creatures.